Gungunum vs Trebonianus Gallus

Gungunum declared Larsa's independence from the Kingdom of Isin, establishing himself as the first independent king of Larsa. This break marked the beginning of Larsa's rise as a major power in southern Mesopotamia, challenging Isin's dominance.

Gungunum captured the city of Ur from the kingdom of Isin, gaining control of a major religious and economic center. This victory significantly expanded Larsa's territory and prestige, and cut off Isin's access to the Persian Gulf trade routes.

Facing a devastating Gothic invasion and the outbreak of the Plague of Cyprian, Trebonianus Gallus negotiated a humiliating peace with the Goths. He agreed to pay an annual tribute and allowed them to keep their plunder and prisoners, a decision criticized by contemporaries.

After the death of Emperor Decius at the Battle of Abritus, Trebonianus Gallus was proclaimed emperor by the Roman army. He was governor of Moesia at the time and quickly secured recognition from the Senate.

During Gallus's reign, a severe plague, known as the Plague of Cyprian, swept through the Roman Empire. It caused massive mortality, weakened the military, and contributed to economic and social instability, exacerbating the Crisis of the Third Century.

Rebel general Aemilianus, proclaimed emperor by the Moesian legions, marched into Italy. Trebonianus Gallus and his son Volusianus met him at Interamna Nahars (modern Terni) but were defeated and killed by their own troops, who defected to Aemilianus.