Hatshepsut vs Libius Severus

Hatshepsut assumed the throne as pharaoh after the death of her husband Thutmose II, initially as regent for her stepson Thutmose III. She later declared herself king, adopting full royal titulary and male iconography to legitimize her rule.

Hatshepsut dispatched a trading expedition to the Land of Punt, likely located in the Horn of Africa. The mission returned with myrrh trees, gold, ivory, and exotic animals, which were depicted in reliefs at her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri.

Hatshepsut commissioned a terraced mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri, designed by her architect Senenmut. The temple featured colonnades, reliefs of her divine birth and the Punt expedition, and became a masterpiece of Egyptian architecture.

After Hatshepsut's death, Thutmose III ordered the systematic erasure of her name and images from monuments and temples. Her cartouches were chiseled out, and her statues were smashed, likely to consolidate his own legitimacy and remove her from official records.

Hatshepsut erected two massive obelisks at the Karnak temple, one of which still stands. The obelisks were carved from single blocks of granite and inscribed with texts proclaiming her devotion to the god Amun and her right to rule.

After the death of Majorian, the magister militum Ricimer proclaimed Libius Severus as Western Roman Emperor. Severus was a senator with no significant military or political experience, and his reign was entirely controlled by Ricimer.

During Severus's reign, the Western Roman Empire lost effective control over several provinces. The Eastern Emperor Leo I refused to recognize him, and the general Aegidius established an independent domain in Gaul, further fragmenting imperial authority.

Libius Severus died, possibly poisoned by Ricimer, after a reign of four years. His death left the Western imperial throne vacant for two years, as Ricimer did not immediately appoint a successor, highlighting the powerlessness of the emperor.