Hattusili III vs Tuoba Tao

Hattusili III deposed his nephew Urhi-Teshub (Mursili III) in a coup, claiming the throne for himself. The usurpation led to internal conflict and Urhi-Teshub's exile, but Hattusili consolidated power and ruled for decades.

Hattusili III concluded a peace treaty with Pharaoh Ramesses II of Egypt, ending decades of conflict. The treaty, inscribed on silver tablets, established mutual non-aggression, extradition, and defensive alliance. It is the oldest known surviving peace treaty.

Hattusili III arranged the marriage of his daughter to Ramesses II, sealing the peace treaty. The diplomatic marriage strengthened ties between the Hittite and Egyptian royal families and ensured continued peace.

Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei (Tuoba Tao) conquered the last rival state, Northern Liang, unifying all of northern China under the Northern Wei dynasty. This ended the Sixteen Kingdoms period and established Northern Wei as the dominant power in the north.

Emperor Taiwu issued an edict suppressing Buddhism, ordering the destruction of monasteries, scriptures, and images. He favored Daoism and sought to reduce Buddhist influence on state affairs. This was the first major persecution of Buddhism in Chinese history.

Emperor Taiwu was assassinated by his eunuch Zong Ai, who feared punishment for his misdeeds. The assassination plunged Northern Wei into a succession crisis, but Zong Ai was soon killed by other officials, and a new emperor was installed.