John Turner vs Robert Peel

Turner became Prime Minister of Canada on June 30, 1984, after winning the Liberal Party leadership convention. He succeeded Pierre Trudeau and immediately called a general election for September.

Turner's Liberal government was defeated in the 1984 federal election by Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives. The Liberals won only 40 seats, their worst result in history, and Turner resigned as party leader shortly after.

Before the 1984 election, Turner appointed a large number of Liberal loyalists to patronage positions, including senators and judges. This decision was heavily criticized and became a major issue in the election campaign, contributing to his defeat.

After the election defeat, Turner remained as Liberal Party leader and became Leader of the Official Opposition. He led the party through the 1988 election, where he campaigned against the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement.

Turner led the Liberal Party in the 1988 federal election, making opposition to the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement the central issue. Despite a strong campaign, the Liberals lost to Mulroney's Conservatives, and the agreement was implemented.

As Home Secretary, Peel established the Metropolitan Police Act in 1829, creating the first modern professional police force in London. Officers became known as 'bobbies' or 'peelers' after him. This model was later adopted across Britain and influenced policing worldwide.

Peel, despite earlier opposition, supported the Catholic Relief Act 1829, which removed most restrictions on Catholics in the UK. This allowed Catholics to sit in Parliament and hold public office. The act was passed to avoid civil war in Ireland.

Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in December 1834, outlining the principles of the new Conservative Party. It accepted the Reform Act of 1832 and advocated for moderate reform, establishing the modern Conservative Party's platform and defining 'One Nation' conservatism.

Peel's government passed the Mines Act 1842, which prohibited women and girls from working underground in coal mines and set a minimum age of 10 for boys. This was a significant labor reform, improving working conditions in the mining industry.

Peel, as Prime Minister, repealed the Corn Laws in June 1846, ending tariffs on imported grain. This split the Conservative Party, as many protectionists opposed free trade. Peel's government fell immediately after, but the repeal lowered food prices and shaped British economic policy.