Leo II vs Ptolemy XIII

Leo I proclaimed his grandson Leo II as co-emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. This was done to secure the succession for the young boy, who was the son of Zeno and Ariadne. Leo II was only six years old at the time.

Upon the death of Leo I, Leo II became the sole Eastern Roman Emperor. Due to his young age, his father Zeno was appointed as regent and co-emperor shortly thereafter, effectively ruling in his stead.

Leo II died of a disease, likely natural causes, after a reign of less than a year. His death left Zeno as the sole emperor, ending the brief reign of the child emperor and preventing any long-term impact of his rule.

Ptolemy XIII became co-ruler of Egypt with his older sister Cleopatra VII after the death of their father Ptolemy XII. He was about 11 years old, and his advisors quickly marginalized Cleopatra. This led to a power struggle between the siblings.

Ptolemy XIII's forces besieged Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII in the royal palace of Alexandria. The conflict, known as the Alexandrian War, lasted several months. Ptolemy's army was eventually defeated by Roman reinforcements.

Ptolemy XIII's advisors, led by the eunuch Pothinus, expelled Cleopatra VII from Alexandria. She fled to Syria and raised an army to reclaim the throne. This act triggered a civil war in Egypt and drew the attention of Julius Caesar.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile River while attempting to flee after his defeat at the Battle of the Nile. His death ended the civil war and allowed Cleopatra VII to become sole ruler of Egypt, with Caesar's support.