Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva vs Mostafa el-Nahhas

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was elected president of Brazil in 2002 as the candidate of the Workers' Party (PT). He assumed office on January 1, 2003, becoming the first left-wing president in Brazil's modern democratic history.

Lula launched the Bolsa Fam

Lula was re-elected president in 2006, winning in the second round against Geraldo Alckmin. His second term continued social programs and economic growth, with Brazil experiencing a commodity boom.

During Lula's presidency, Petrobras discovered massive oil reserves in the pre-salt layer off the coast of Brazil in 2006. These discoveries transformed Brazil into a major oil exporter and boosted the economy.

Lula was convicted of corruption and money laundering in 2017 and 2018 as part of the Lava Jato (Car Wash) investigation. He was imprisoned in April 2018, serving 580 days before his conviction was annulled in 2021.

Lula was elected president for a third term in 2022, defeating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro. He assumed office on January 1, 2023, returning to power after his previous convictions were annulled.

As prime minister, el-Nahhas signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which granted Egypt greater sovereignty but allowed British troops to remain in the Suez Canal zone. The treaty was controversial among nationalists who sought full independence.

As prime minister, el-Nahhas oversaw Egypt's military intervention in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in defeat for Arab forces, leading to the establishment of Israel and a political crisis in Egypt.

King Farouk dismissed el-Nahhas as prime minister in January 1952 amid political instability and corruption allegations. This dismissal contributed to the growing discontent that led to the 1952 Egyptian Revolution.

El-Nahhas was not directly involved in the 1956 nationalization; this event is incorrectly attributed. Correct event: El-Nahhas served as prime minister during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, leading Egypt's involvement.