Majid bin Said vs Prithvi Narayan Shah

Following the death of his father Said bin Sultan, Majid bin Said declared Zanzibar an independent sultanate separate from Oman. This was formalized with British mediation, splitting the Omani Empire into two distinct states.

Majid bin Said expanded clove cultivation on Zanzibar and Pemba islands, transforming the economy. He granted land to Arab planters and used slave labor, making Zanzibar the world's largest clove producer by the 1870s.

Majid bin Said oversaw the construction of Stone Town's central market and harbor facilities. Zanzibar City became the primary entrep

Prithvi Narayan Shah's forces captured the strategic town of Kirtipur after a prolonged siege. The victory was crucial for controlling the Kathmandu Valley and demonstrated his military strategy, though it involved heavy casualties on both sides.

Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered the Kathmandu Valley, defeating the Malla kingdoms of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. This victory unified the valley under his rule and marked the foundation of the modern state of Nepal.

After unifying the Kathmandu Valley, Prithvi Narayan Shah proclaimed the Kingdom of Nepal, with Kathmandu as its capital. He established the Shah dynasty, which ruled Nepal until 2008, and laid the administrative foundations of the state.

Prithvi Narayan Shah delivered the Divyopadesh, a set of political and strategic instructions to his successors. The counsel emphasized nationalism, self-reliance, and the importance of maintaining Nepal's independence from British India and China.