Pedro II of Brazil vs Sayajirao Gaekwad III

Pedro II was crowned Emperor of Brazil on July 18, 1841, at age 14, after a regency period. His coronation marked the beginning of a 49-year reign that would see Brazil achieve stability, economic growth, and territorial expansion.

Pedro II led Brazil into the Paraguayan War (1864-1870) against Paraguay under Francisco Solano L

Pedro II signed the Lei

Pedro II was overthrown by a military coup led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca on November 15, 1889. The coup established the First Brazilian Republic, ending 67 years of imperial rule and sending the imperial family into exile in Europe.

Pedro II and his family were exiled to Europe after the coup, settling in France. He lived in relative obscurity, maintaining correspondence with intellectuals and scholars, until his death in Paris in 1891.

Sayajirao oversaw the construction of railways, roads, irrigation systems, and public buildings in Baroda. He also established a modern water supply and electricity system, transforming the state's infrastructure.

Sayajirao issued a decree abolishing untouchability in the state of Baroda. He opened temples, wells, and schools to all castes, and promoted social equality, though implementation faced resistance.

Sayajirao made primary education compulsory and free for all children in Baroda. This was one of the earliest such reforms in India, significantly increasing literacy rates and setting a precedent for other princely states.

Sayajirao founded the Bank of Baroda to provide banking services and credit to the people of Baroda. The bank grew into a major financial institution in India, supporting economic development and trade.

Sayajirao hosted the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Baroda. He supported the nationalist movement and provided a platform for leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak to advocate for self-rule.