Qaplan I Giray vs Sultan Hasanuddin

Qaplan I Giray led Crimean forces in the Battle of Pruth River, supporting the Ottoman army against Russia. The battle resulted in a Russian defeat, forcing Peter the Great to cede Azov and dismantle fortifications.

Qaplan I Giray suppressed a revolt by the Kuban Nogai Horde, which had rebelled against Crimean authority. The revolt was crushed, and the Nogai leaders were executed, reaffirming Crimean control over the Kuban region.

Qaplan I Giray led Crimean forces in the Austro-Turkish War, fighting against Austrian troops in the Balkans. He was killed in action during the campaign, becoming one of the few Crimean khans to die in battle.

Sultan Hasanuddin expanded Gowa's influence across eastern Indonesia through strategic alliances and naval power. He controlled key spice trade routes, making Makassar a major commercial hub that challenged Dutch monopolies in the region.

Sultan Hasanuddin led the Gowa-Tallo kingdom in a protracted war against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and its local allies. Despite fierce resistance, Makassar fell in 1669, leading to the Bongaya Treaty which severely curtailed Gowa's sovereignty and trade.

After military defeats, Sultan Hasanuddin signed the Bongaya Treaty with the VOC. The treaty forced Gowa to recognize VOC monopolies, cede territories, and dismantle fortifications, effectively ending Makassar's independence and opening the region to Dutch control.