Emiliano Zapata

Zapata issued the Plan of Ayala, denouncing Francisco I. Madero for failing to implement land reform. The plan called for the return of land to peasants and became the ideological foundation of the Zapatista movement.

Zapata's forces, allied with Villa's Division of the North, occupied Mexico City. They held the capital for several weeks but failed to establish lasting control, highlighting the limits of their coalition.

Zapata attended the Convention of Aguascalientes, where revolutionary factions attempted to unify. He allied with Pancho Villa against Venustiano Carranza, but the convention failed to produce a stable government.

Zapata was lured to the Hacienda de Chinameca by Colonel Jesus Guajardo, who pretended to defect. Guajardo's troops ambushed and killed Zapata, ending his leadership of the agrarian rebellion.