Agustin Pedro Justo vs Thomas Fairfax

Justo was elected President of Argentina on November 8, 1931, as candidate of the Concordancia coalition, which included conservative and anti-personalist Radicals. The election was marred by fraud and the proscription of the Radical Civic Union (UCR) under Hip

Justo launched a major national road construction program, building over 10,000 kilometers of paved roads during his presidency. The program aimed to integrate Argentina's interior regions, facilitate agricultural exports, and reduce dependence on railways. It was funded by a gasoline tax and foreign loans.

Justo signed the Roca-Runciman Treaty with the United Kingdom on May 1, 1933, to protect Argentine beef exports to Britain. The treaty guaranteed Argentina a quota of chilled beef but required preferential treatment for British goods and investments. Critics argued it compromised Argentine economic sovereignty.

Justo's government violently suppressed an armed uprising by the Radical Civic Union (UCR) in December 1933, led by Colonel Roberto Bosch. The revolt was crushed, and many Radical leaders, including future president Arturo Frondizi, were arrested and imprisoned. The repression solidified the Concordancia's hold on power.

Justo oversaw the creation of the Central Bank of Argentina (Banco Central de la Rep

Fairfax led the New Model Army to a decisive victory over King Charles I's forces at Naseby. The battle destroyed the main Royalist army and effectively decided the First English Civil War in favor of Parliament.

Fairfax was appointed commander-in-chief of the New Model Army, a professional army created by Parliament to fight the Royalists. This appointment placed him at the head of the most effective military force in England during the First English Civil War.

Fairfax commanded the siege of Oxford, the Royalist capital. The city surrendered, and King Charles I fled, effectively ending the First English Civil War. Fairfax treated the defeated Royalists with moderation.

Fairfax refused orders from the Army Council to arrest five Presbyterian members of Parliament who were critical of the army. This action demonstrated his independence from radical army factions and his commitment to parliamentary authority.

Fairfax resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the New Model Army rather than lead an invasion of Scotland to suppress the Scottish Covenanters who had proclaimed Charles II as king. He cited his conscience and opposition to preemptive war.

Fairfax led a parliamentary delegation to The Hague to invite Charles II to return as king, restoring the monarchy. He played a key role in the peaceful Restoration, helping to avoid further civil war.