Ahmadou Tall vs Sayajirao Gaekwad III

Ahmadou Tall succeeded his father Umar Tall as ruler of the Toucouleur Empire after Umar's death. He faced immediate challenges from rival brothers and regional rebellions, weakening the empire's unity.

Ahmadou Tall signed a treaty with France at Nango, recognizing French protectorate status over parts of the Toucouleur Empire. The treaty ceded territory and trade rights, marking the beginning of French domination over the empire.

French forces captured the Toucouleur capital of Segou, forcing Ahmadou Tall to flee eastward. The loss of the capital effectively ended Toucouleur sovereignty and marked the collapse of the empire.

Ahmadou Tall died in exile in Sokoto after years of fleeing French forces. His death ended the last remnants of Toucouleur resistance and the dynasty founded by his father.

Sayajirao oversaw the construction of railways, roads, irrigation systems, and public buildings in Baroda. He also established a modern water supply and electricity system, transforming the state's infrastructure.

Sayajirao issued a decree abolishing untouchability in the state of Baroda. He opened temples, wells, and schools to all castes, and promoted social equality, though implementation faced resistance.

Sayajirao made primary education compulsory and free for all children in Baroda. This was one of the earliest such reforms in India, significantly increasing literacy rates and setting a precedent for other princely states.

Sayajirao founded the Bank of Baroda to provide banking services and credit to the people of Baroda. The bank grew into a major financial institution in India, supporting economic development and trade.

Sayajirao hosted the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Baroda. He supported the nationalist movement and provided a platform for leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak to advocate for self-rule.