Alp Arslan vs Casimir IV Jagiellon

Alp Arslan led campaigns into Syria, capturing Aleppo and extending Seljuk control to the Mediterranean coast. He defeated the Fatimid Caliphate's forces and established Seljuk dominance over the Levant.

Alp Arslan defeated the Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes at the Battle of Manzikert in eastern Anatolia. The Byzantine army was destroyed and Romanos captured, leading to the Seljuk conquest of Anatolia and the beginning of Turkic settlement in the region.

Alp Arslan was assassinated by a captured fortress commander while on campaign in Transoxiana. His death at the height of his power led to a succession struggle and the eventual fragmentation of the Seljuk Empire under his son Malik Shah I.

Casimir IV Jagiellon intervened in the Prussian Confederation's revolt against the Teutonic Order, starting the Thirteen Years' War. The war ended with the Second Peace of Thorn, which granted Poland direct control over Royal Prussia and made East Prussia a Polish fief.

Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes, which limited royal power by requiring the king to consult the szlachta (nobility) on matters of war and taxation. This strengthened the nobility's political role and laid foundations for the Golden Liberty system.

Casimir IV signed the Second Peace of Thorn with the Teutonic Order, ending the Thirteen Years' War. Poland annexed Pomerelia, Che

Casimir IV fought the War of the Priests against the Teutonic Order and the Bishop of Warmia over control of the bishopric. The conflict ended with the Treaty of Piotrk

Casimir IV's son W