Antoninus Pius vs Cao Fang

Antoninus Pius, as governor of Asia, was involved in suppressing the Bar Kokhba revolt in Judea. The revolt was crushed with heavy casualties, and Jews were expelled from Jerusalem. This event occurred before his accession to the throne.

Antoninus Pius became Roman emperor upon the death of Hadrian. His reign was characterized by internal stability, legal reforms, and economic prosperity, with no major military campaigns. He maintained the borders through diplomacy and client kingdoms.

Following Hadrian's death, Antoninus Pius adopted Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as his sons and heirs, as required by Hadrian's will. This ensured a smooth succession and continued the system of adoptive emperors.

Antoninus Pius ordered the construction of a turf and stone fortification across the narrowest part of Scotland, north of Hadrian's Wall. The wall marked the northernmost boundary of the Roman Empire in Britain and was manned for about 20 years before being abandoned.

Cao Fang ascended the throne of Cao Wei at age 7 after the death of his adoptive father Cao Rui. He was placed under the regency of Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, beginning a period of factional struggle that would define his reign.

During Cao Fang's reign, Sima Yi staged a coup at the Gaoping Tombs, seizing power from regent Cao Shuang. Cao Shuang was executed, and the Sima clan gained effective control of Wei, reducing Cao Fang to a puppet ruler.

Cao Fang was deposed as emperor of Cao Wei by the regent Sima Shi, who accused him of plotting rebellion. Cao Fang was reduced to the rank of Prince of Qi and replaced by Cao Mao, marking a further consolidation of Sima clan power.