Arduin of Ivrea vs Ashina Funian

After the death of Emperor Otto III, Arduin of Ivrea was proclaimed King of Italy by the Lombard nobility in Pavia. This act challenged the authority of the German king Henry II, who claimed the Italian throne.

Arduin was defeated by Henry II's forces near the Po River. This military loss forced Arduin to retreat to his margraviate of Ivrea, effectively ending his claim to the Italian throne and allowing Henry II to be crowned King of Italy.

Arduin was excommunicated by Pope Benedict VIII for his continued resistance against Henry II. This ecclesiastical condemnation isolated Arduin politically and religiously, contributing to his eventual surrender and retirement.

After years of failed resistance, Arduin retired to the Abbey of Fruttuaria, where he died as a monk. His retirement marked the end of the last major Italian challenge to German rule in the early 11th century.

Ashina Funian declared himself khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate during a period of Tang Chinese domination over the Turkic tribes. His claim to the throne was part of a broader Turkic resistance movement against Tang control, challenging the authority of the Tang-protected khagans.

Ashina Funian's rebellion against Tang Chinese authority was defeated by Tang forces. The suppression of his uprising reaffirmed Tang control over the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Funian was captured or killed during the campaign, ending his brief claim to the khaganate.