Berenice IV vs Juba I

Berenice IV became queen of Egypt after her father Ptolemy XII Auletes was driven out by a popular revolt. She ruled as sole monarch, co-opting her sister Cleopatra VI Tryphaena as co-ruler. Her reign was marked by political instability and conflict with Rome.

Berenice IV married Archelaus, a high priest of Comana in Cappadocia, to strengthen her position. The marriage was opposed by Rome, which supported her father Ptolemy XII. This act further strained relations with the Roman Republic.

After Ptolemy XII Auletes was restored to the throne with Roman military support, he ordered the execution of Berenice IV. She was killed for her usurpation and opposition to his rule. Her death ended her brief reign and consolidated Ptolemy XII's power.

Juba I allied with Pompey and the Optimates against Julius Caesar at the outbreak of the Roman Civil War. He provided cavalry and supplies to Pompey's forces in North Africa, hoping to expand Numidian territory at Rome's expense.

Juba I fought alongside the Pompeian forces at the Battle of Thapsus in North Africa. Caesar's forces decisively defeated the Pompeian army, and Juba's Numidian troops were routed, leading to the collapse of his kingdom.

After the defeat at Thapsus, Juba I committed suicide rather than be captured by Caesar. He died in a suicide pact with the Roman general Marcus Petreius at his Numidian palace, ending the independent Kingdom of Numidia.