Bhunu vs Charles IV of Hungary

Bhunu became king of Swaziland at age 13 after the death of his father Mbandzeni. His reign began during a period of increasing European colonial pressure on Swazi sovereignty.

Bhunu granted extensive land and mineral concessions to European settlers, including the British and Boers. These concessions eroded Swazi territorial control and led to the establishment of a colonial administration.

Bhunu accepted British protection over Swaziland, making it a protectorate under the British South Africa Company. This ended Swazi independence and placed the kingdom under colonial rule.

Bhunu died suddenly at age 23, leaving an infant son Sobhuza II as heir. This created a power vacuum that led to Queen Regent Labotsibeni Mdluli assuming control during the colonial period.

Charles IV was crowned King of Hungary in Budapest, succeeding his great-uncle Franz Joseph I. His coronation took place during World War I, and he inherited a monarchy strained by war and nationalist tensions. He was the last Habsburg to be crowned King of Hungary.

Charles IV secretly attempted to negotiate a separate peace with the Allies through his brother-in-law, Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma. The Sixtus Affair failed when the negotiations were revealed, angering Germany and weakening Austria-Hungary's position.

Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, Charles IV issued a proclamation renouncing participation in state affairs but did not formally abdicate. He went into exile in Switzerland, and the Austrian Republic was proclaimed.

Charles IV made two attempts to regain the Hungarian throne, traveling to Hungary in March and October 1921. Both attempts failed due to opposition from the Entente powers and the Hungarian regent Miklos Horthy. After the second attempt, he was exiled to Madeira.