Edward III of England vs Julius Caesar

Edward III declared himself King of France, challenging Philip VI's claim. This began the Hundred Years' War, a prolonged conflict over the French throne and English territories in France.

Edward III's English army defeated a larger French force at the Battle of Cr

Edward III besieged the French port of Calais for nearly a year. The city surrendered, and Edward took control, making it an English stronghold for over two centuries.

Edward III's son, the Black Prince, defeated and captured King John II of France at the Battle of Poitiers. This victory led to the Treaty of Br

Edward III signed the Treaty of Br

Caesar, as proconsul of Gaul, launched a series of campaigns that conquered all of Gaul (modern France, Belgium, and parts of Switzerland). He fought numerous battles, including against the Helvetii, the Belgae, and the Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix. The wars brought immense wealth and a loyal army to Caesar.

Caesar led Legio XIII across the Rubicon River into Italy, defying the Roman Senate's order to disband his army. This act triggered a civil war against Pompey and the Optimates, ultimately leading to Caesar's dictatorship and the end of the Roman Republic.

Caesar's outnumbered army defeated the larger forces of Pompey the Great at Pharsalus in Greece. Caesar's tactical use of a reserve line to counter Pompey's cavalry charge proved decisive. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated, leaving Caesar as the undisputed master of the Roman world.

The Roman Senate appointed Caesar dictator perpetuo (dictator for life), granting him unprecedented personal power. This move concentrated military, legislative, and judicial authority in one person, effectively ending the Roman Republic's traditional system of checks and balances and alarming many senators.

A group of Roman senators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, stabbed Caesar to death at a meeting of the Senate in the Theatre of Pompey. The assassination was intended to restore the Republic, but instead triggered another civil war that led to the rise of the Roman Empire.