Edward III vs Qalawun

Edward III formally claimed the French crown through his mother Isabella, daughter of Philip IV of France, rejecting the Salic law that barred female succession. This claim initiated the Hundred Years' War between England and France.

Edward III's English army defeated a larger French force at Cr

Edward III besieged the French port of Calais for nearly a year, forcing its surrender. The city became an English enclave for over two centuries, serving as a strategic base for English operations in France.

Edward III's son, Edward the Black Prince, led English forces to victory at Poitiers, capturing King John II of France. This triumph followed Cr

Edward III signed the Treaty of Br

Qalawun seized the sultanate after deposing his predecessor Al-Said Barakah, son of Baybars. He was a former Mamluk commander under Baybars. His accession marked the beginning of the Qalawunid dynasty, which ruled Egypt for over a century.

Qalawun defeated a Mongol invasion led by Abaqa Khan of the Ilkhanate at the Second Battle of Homs. The Mamluk victory prevented Mongol incursions into Syria. This battle solidified Mamluk control over the region and deterred future Mongol attacks.

Qalawun captured the Crusader fortress of Margat (1285) and the port of Latakia (1287). These conquests further reduced Crusader territory in Syria. The fall of Margat was a significant blow to the Knights Hospitaller.

Qalawun signed a truce with the Crusader County of Tripoli. However, he soon violated the treaty and captured Tripoli in 1289. The fall of Tripoli eliminated one of the last major Crusader states and paved the way for the capture of Acre.

Qalawun died in Cairo while preparing a campaign to capture Acre. He was succeeded by his son Al-Ashraf Khalil, who completed the conquest of Acre. Qalawun's reign established the Qalawunid dynasty and strengthened the Mamluk state.