Emperor Gaozu of Han vs Philip V of Macedon

Liu Bang, a minor Qin official, led a revolt after a group of convicts he was escorting escaped. He gathered followers and joined the broader rebellion against the Qin dynasty, eventually becoming a key rebel leader.

Liu Bang's Han forces, commanded by Han Xin, defeated Xiang Yu's Chu army at Gaixia. Xiang Yu committed suicide after the battle. This victory ended the Chu-Han Contention and allowed Liu Bang to proclaim himself emperor.

Emperor Gaozu repealed the severe legal codes of the Qin dynasty, including collective punishment and harsh corporal penalties. He replaced them with a simplified legal system that reduced punishments, aiming to win popular support and stabilize the realm.

After defeating Xiang Yu, Liu Bang declared himself Emperor Gaozu of Han, founding the Han dynasty. He established the capital at Chang'an and began consolidating power, marking the start of one of China's longest-lasting dynasties.

To secure loyalty, Gaozu granted large territories to allied generals and relatives, creating semi-autonomous kingdoms. This policy initially stabilized the empire but later led to rebellions, forcing his successors to centralize power more firmly.

Philip V allied with Carthage after Rome's defeat at Cannae, initiating the First Macedonian War against Rome. The war was indecisive, ending with the Peace of Phoenice in 205 BC, but it set the stage for future conflicts.

Philip V's Macedonian phalanx was decisively defeated by the Roman legions under Titus Quinctius Flamininus at Cynoscephalae. This battle ended the Second Macedonian War, forced Macedon to surrender its Greek possessions, and established Roman dominance in Greece.

After Cynoscephalae, Philip V signed the Treaty of Tempe, agreeing to pay war reparations, surrender his fleet, and withdraw from all Greek cities. He was allowed to keep Macedon but became a Roman ally, ending Macedonian expansion.