Essam Sharaf vs Rene Levesque

Essam Sharaf was appointed Prime Minister by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces in March 2011, following the resignation of Ahmed Shafik. His appointment came during the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and he was seen as a reformist figure.

Sharaf resigned as Prime Minister in November 2011 after months of protests against the military's handling of the transition. His resignation followed violent clashes between security forces and demonstrators in Tahrir Square.

Lévesque merged his Mouvement Souveraineté-Association with other separatist groups to form the Parti Québécois, a sovereignist political party. The PQ aimed to achieve Quebec's independence from Canada through democratic means, becoming a major force in Quebec politics.

Lévesque led the Parti Québécois to victory in the Quebec general election, winning 71 seats and forming the first sovereignist government in the province's history. His election marked a seismic shift in Canadian politics and triggered debates about national unity.

Lévesque's government enacted Bill 101, making French the sole official language of Quebec in government, education, and business. The law restricted English-language schooling and signage, aiming to protect and promote the French language in Quebec.

Lévesque's government held a referendum on a mandate to negotiate 'sovereignty-association' with Canada. The 'No' side won with 59.6% of the vote, defeating the sovereignty proposal. Lévesque accepted the result and continued as premier.

Lévesque resigned as premier and leader of the Parti Québécois after internal party divisions over the sovereignty strategy and declining popularity. He was succeeded by Pierre-Marc Johnson. Lévesque's legacy as a champion of Quebec nationalism remained strong.