Frederick Augustus III of Saxony vs Leopold I

Frederick Augustus III became King of Saxony on 15 October 1904, succeeding his father George. His reign was marked by relative political stability and cultural patronage.

On 13 November 1918, during the German Revolution, Frederick Augustus III abdicated the throne of Saxony. He was the last king of Saxony, and his abdication ended the Wettin dynasty's rule. He famously remarked 'Then make your own mess!' to the revolutionaries.

After his abdication, Frederick Augustus III did not resist the establishment of the Free State of Saxony. He retired to private life at Schloss Sibyllenort, avoiding the violence that accompanied other German monarchies' falls.

Frederick Augustus III died on 18 February 1932 at Schloss Sibyllenort in Silesia (then Germany, now Poland). He was the last surviving German king from the imperial era.

Leopold I, as Holy Roman Emperor, organized the relief of Vienna from the Ottoman siege. A combined imperial, Polish, and German army under John III Sobieski defeated the Ottoman forces, halting Ottoman expansion into Central Europe and marking the beginning of the Great Turkish War.

Leopold I led the Holy Roman Empire in the War of the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV of France. The conflict, fought across Europe and the colonies, ended with the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, which confirmed French gains but checked French expansion.

Leopold I's forces, under Prince Eugene of Savoy, defeated the Ottomans, leading to the Treaty of Karlowitz. The treaty ceded Hungary, Transylvania, and Slavonia to the Habsburgs, establishing Austria as a major European power and ending Ottoman dominance in the region.