Ghezo vs Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa

Ghezo led the Dahomey army in a campaign against the Oyo Empire, culminating in the capture of the city of Atakpam

Ghezo significantly expanded and formalized the Dahomey Amazons, an all-female military regiment. He increased their numbers and integrated them more deeply into the army's structure, making them a key component of Dahomey's military strength and a symbol of the kingdom's power.

Under pressure from the British Royal Navy blockade and the threat of military action, Ghezo signed a treaty with Great Britain to end the Dahomey slave trade. This marked a major shift in Dahomey's economy, leading to the promotion of palm oil production as a replacement export.

Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa became the Emir of Bahrain on March 6, 1999, following the death of his father, Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa. He later changed his title to King in 2002, transforming the country from an emirate to a constitutional monarchy.

King Hamad introduced the National Action Charter, a set of political reforms that included the establishment of a bicameral parliament, an independent judiciary, and women's suffrage. The charter was approved by a popular referendum in February 2001.

In February 2011, mass protests erupted in Bahrain demanding political reforms and greater rights for the Shia majority. King Hamad declared a state of emergency and invited Saudi-led Gulf forces to suppress the uprising, resulting in dozens of deaths and hundreds of arrests.

Following international criticism of the crackdown on protesters, King Hamad established an independent commission led by M. Cherif Bassiouni to investigate human rights abuses. The commission's report documented systematic use of excessive force and torture.