Hammurabi vs Theodosius the Great

Hammurabi conquered the city-states of Larsa, Mari, and Eshnunna, uniting most of Mesopotamia under Babylonian rule. This created the Babylonian Empire and made Babylon the dominant power in the region.

Hammurabi issued a comprehensive legal code inscribed on a stele, containing 282 laws covering trade, property, family, and crime. The code established the principle of lex talionis (eye for an eye) and influenced later legal systems.

Hammurabi ordered the construction of extensive city walls, canals, and temples in Babylon. These projects strengthened the city's defenses and infrastructure, solidifying its status as a major urban center.

Theodosius issued the Edict of Thessalonica, declaring Nicene Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire. All other Christian sects were deemed heretical, and pagan practices were increasingly suppressed.

Theodosius ordered a massacre in Thessalonica after a riot killed a Roman official. Thousands of citizens were killed in the circus. Bishop Ambrose of Milan excommunicated Theodosius until he performed public penance.

Theodosius defeated the usurper Eugenius and his general Arbogast at the Battle of the Frigidus. The victory reunited the Roman Empire under Theodosius's rule for the last time before its permanent division.

Upon his death, Theodosius divided the Roman Empire between his sons: Arcadius received the East and Honorius the West. This division became permanent, leading to the separate development of the Byzantine and Western Roman Empires.