Iskander Mirza vs Mireya Moscoso

Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan on March 23, 1956, when the country adopted its first constitution. He had previously served as the last Governor-General. His presidency was marked by political instability and factional infighting.

On October 7, 1958, Iskander Mirza abrogated the constitution, dissolved the government, and imposed martial law, appointing General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator. This ended Pakistan's first parliamentary experiment.

Within weeks of imposing martial law, Iskander Mirza was forced into exile by Ayub Khan on October 27, 1958. Ayub Khan took over as President, and Mirza lived the rest of his life in London, never returning to Pakistan.

Mireya Moscoso won the 1999 presidential election as the candidate of the Arnulfista Party, becoming the first woman to hold the office in Panama. Her victory was seen as a continuation of the legacy of her late husband, Arnulfo Arias.

Moscoso's presidency focused on economic growth, social programs, and the administration of the Panama Canal, which had been fully transferred to Panama in 1999. Her tenure was marked by political scandals and allegations of corruption, but she completed her term.

On December 31, 1999, the Panama Canal was formally transferred from the United States to Panama, a process overseen by President Moscoso. This event fulfilled the Torrijos-Carter Treaties and marked a major milestone in Panamanian sovereignty.