Iskander Mirza vs Mochtar Lubis

Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan on March 23, 1956, when the country adopted its first constitution. He had previously served as the last Governor-General. His presidency was marked by political instability and factional infighting.

On October 7, 1958, Iskander Mirza abrogated the constitution, dissolved the government, and imposed martial law, appointing General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator. This ended Pakistan's first parliamentary experiment.

Within weeks of imposing martial law, Iskander Mirza was forced into exile by Ayub Khan on October 27, 1958. Ayub Khan took over as President, and Mirza lived the rest of his life in London, never returning to Pakistan.

Mochtar Lubis co-founded the daily newspaper Indonesia Raya, which became a prominent voice for independent journalism in Indonesia. The paper was known for its critical reporting and was eventually banned by the government.

Mochtar Lubis was arrested by the Sukarno government for his critical journalism, accused of subversion. He was imprisoned without trial for several years, becoming a symbol of press freedom under authoritarian rule.

Mochtar Lubis published his novel 'Twilight in Jakarta' (Senja di Jakarta), a critical portrayal of corruption and social inequality in Indonesia. The book was banned in Indonesia but gained international recognition.

Mochtar Lubis was again arrested, this time by the Suharto regime, following the Malari incident. He was detained for his alleged involvement in protests against the government, highlighting the continued repression of dissent.