James Brooke vs Lenin Moreno

Brooke was granted the title of Rajah of Sarawak by the Sultan of Brunei on September 24, 1841, after helping suppress a rebellion. He established the White Rajah dynasty, ruling Sarawak as an independent kingdom under British protection.

Brooke led naval campaigns against Dayak and Malay pirates along the Borneo coast from 1843 to 1849. With British naval support, he destroyed pirate strongholds, securing trade routes and consolidating his control over Sarawak.

Brooke negotiated the cession of the island of Labuan to the British Crown in 1846. The island became a British colony and coaling station, strengthening British naval presence in the South China Sea and enhancing Brooke's position.

Brooke was appointed Governor of Labuan and British Consul-General for Borneo in 1847. This formalized his role as a British official while he remained Rajah of Sarawak, creating a dual authority that lasted until his death.

Lenin Moreno won the 2017 presidential election as the candidate of the ruling PAIS Alliance, succeeding Rafael Correa. He took office on May 24, 2017, initially continuing Correa's policies before shifting to a more centrist and later conservative stance.

Moreno publicly broke with former president Correa, accusing him of corruption and mismanagement. He supported a referendum that limited presidential terms and allowed for Correa's prosecution, leading to a deep rift within the ruling party and a shift in Ecuador's political landscape.

In February 2019, Moreno's government signed a $4.2 billion loan agreement with the International Monetary Fund, requiring austerity measures including fuel subsidy cuts. This triggered massive protests in October 2019, leading to a state of emergency and the government's temporary relocation to Guayaquil.