King Wuling of Zhao vs Sargon II

King Wuling of Zhao ordered his army to adopt the clothing and archery techniques of the nomadic Hu (Xiongnu) peoples, including trousers and horseback archery. This military reform created a highly mobile cavalry force that gave Zhao a tactical advantage over rival states.

King Wuling abdicated the throne to his son, King Huiwen, but retained power as 'Lord Father' (Zhufu). This unusual arrangement was intended to allow him to focus on military campaigns, but it created a power struggle within the royal family.

King Wuling led a prolonged campaign to conquer the Zhongshan state, a non-Chinese kingdom located within Zhao's borders. The annexation of Zhongshan expanded Zhao's territory and population, strengthening its position among the Warring States.

During a succession conflict between his sons, King Wuling was trapped in the Shaqiu Palace by rebels loyal to his grandson. He was denied food and water for three months, eventually starving to death. His death ended Zhao's period of expansion.

Sargon II completed the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel, capturing its capital Samaria after a three-year siege. He deported over 27,000 Israelites to Assyria and other parts of the empire, ending the northern kingdom's existence.

Sargon II founded a new capital city named Dur-Sharrukin (Fort of Sargon) near modern Khorsabad. The city was built on a grand scale with palaces, temples, and fortifications, but was abandoned after his death.

Sargon II led a major campaign against Urartu, defeating King Rusa I and sacking the temple of Haldi at Musasir. This victory weakened Urartu and secured Assyrian control over the northern frontier.

Sargon II was killed in battle against the Cimmerians in Anatolia. His body was not recovered, which was considered a great dishonor in Assyrian culture. His death led to the abandonment of Dur-Sharrukin and a succession crisis.