King Xuan of Zhou vs Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz

After the Gonghe Regency ended, King Xuan ascended the throne and worked to restore the Zhou king's authority. He reasserted control over the feudal lords and revived the central government's power.

King Xuan led successful military campaigns against the Xianyun (northern nomads) and the Huaiyi (eastern tribes). These victories secured the borders and restored Zhou military prestige.

King Xuan implemented economic reforms, including tax adjustments and land redistribution, to revive the Zhou economy. These measures increased state revenue and improved agricultural productivity.

King Xuan suffered a major military defeat against the Jiang Rong tribe at the Battle of Qianmu. This loss weakened the Zhou army and marked a setback in the king's efforts to restore military dominance.

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz became the eighth Umayyad caliph after the death of Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik. His reign, though short, was marked by significant reforms and a departure from the policies of his predecessors.

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ordered the withdrawal of Umayyad forces from the prolonged and unsuccessful siege of Constantinople. This decision ended a costly military campaign and shifted focus to internal consolidation and reform.

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz implemented sweeping tax reforms, abolishing the jizya (poll tax) for non-Muslims who converted to Islam and ensuring equal treatment of all subjects. He also ordered the return of confiscated lands and property to their rightful owners.