Ludwig III of Bavaria vs Mongkut

Ludwig III became King of Bavaria on 5 November 1913, following the deposition of his cousin Otto I, who had been declared mentally unfit. Ludwig's accession was approved by the Bavarian parliament, ending the regency that had ruled since 1886.

As King of Bavaria, Ludwig III supported the German Empire's entry into World War I in August 1914. He mobilized Bavarian troops and maintained wartime administration, but his influence was limited by the Prussian-dominated imperial government.

On 7 November 1918, during the German Revolution, Kurt Eisner proclaimed the People's State of Bavaria in Munich. Ludwig III fled the city and was formally deposed on 13 November, ending the 738-year Wittelsbach rule in Bavaria.

After his deposition, Ludwig III lived in exile in Hungary and later in Liechtenstein. He died on 18 October 1921 at N

Mongkut engaged in extensive correspondence with Western leaders, including President James Buchanan and Pope Pius IX, and with missionaries and scholars. He sought to learn about Western science, technology, and governance.

As a former monk, Mongkut reformed Buddhist monastic education by emphasizing Pali studies and scriptural accuracy. He founded the Dhammayuttika Nikaya order, which focused on strict adherence to Buddhist teachings.

Mongkut employed Western advisors, including Anna Leonowens, to teach his children and assist in modernizing the court. He also hired European experts to help with military, legal, and administrative reforms.

King Mongkut signed the Bowring Treaty with Britain, opening Siam to free trade and granting extraterritorial rights to British subjects. This treaty ended Siam's isolation and set a precedent for relations with other Western powers.