Maximinus Thrax vs Ptolemy XII Auletes

Maximinus led a campaign against the Alemanni tribe in Germania. He defeated them in battle and drove them back across the Rhine. He then devastated their territory, earning the title 'Germanicus Maximus' from the Senate.

Maximinus was proclaimed emperor by the Pannonian legions after the assassination of Severus Alexander. He was the first emperor to rise from the ranks of the army without any senatorial background, marking a shift in imperial power dynamics.

Maximinus marched on Italy to suppress a rebellion led by the Senate and the Gordians. He besieged the city of Aquileia, which resisted his army. The siege dragged on, and Maximinus's troops grew discontented with the lack of supplies and progress.

Maximinus was assassinated in his tent by soldiers of the Legio II Parthica during the siege of Aquileia. His death ended his three-year reign. The Praetorian Guard and the Senate then recognized the new emperors Pupienus and Balbinus.

Ptolemy XII Auletes became pharaoh of Egypt after the death of Ptolemy XI Alexander II. His reign was marked by political instability, economic decline, and increasing Roman influence. He was known for his pro-Roman policies and lavish spending.

Ptolemy XII was driven from Egypt by a popular revolt, likely due to his heavy taxation and pro-Roman stance. He fled to Rome, where he sought support for his restoration. His daughter Berenice IV took the throne in his absence.

Ptolemy XII was restored to the Egyptian throne with military support from the Roman governor of Syria, Aulus Gabinius. The Roman army helped him defeat the forces of Berenice IV. He executed his daughter and resumed his pro-Roman policies.

Ptolemy XII made a will naming the Roman Republic as the guardian of his children and the Egyptian kingdom. This will later be used by Julius Caesar to justify Roman intervention in Egypt after Ptolemy's death, leading to the Alexandrian War.