Mohamed Mediène vs Omar Torrijos

Mediène, known as Toufik, was appointed head of the Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS) in 1990. He became the most powerful figure in Algeria, controlling intelligence and security services for over two decades.

Mediène was a key architect of the military's crackdown on Islamists after the 1992 election cancellation. The DRS under his leadership was accused of involvement in massacres and disappearances, though he denied direct responsibility.

Mediène was dismissed in 2015 by President Bouteflika, who dismantled the DRS and reduced its powers. The move ended Toufik's 25-year reign as intelligence chief, marking a significant shift in Algeria's political landscape.

Torrijos, as a lieutenant colonel, co-led a military coup that overthrew President Arnulfo Arias. The National Guard took power, and Torrijos emerged as the de facto leader of Panama, establishing a military government.

Torrijos initiated an agrarian reform program that redistributed land to peasant families. The reform aimed to reduce rural poverty and inequality, but its implementation was uneven and faced opposition from large landowners.

Torrijos negotiated treaties with U.S. President Jimmy Carter that established the gradual transfer of the Panama Canal from U.S. to Panamanian control by 1999. The treaties were ratified by Panama in a 1977 referendum and by the U.S. Senate in 1978.

Torrijos died when his De Havilland Twin Otter aircraft crashed in the mountains of Penonom