Paul Kagame vs Rafael Trujillo

Kagame led the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) in a civil war against the Hutu-led government. The war ended with the Arusha Accords in 1993, but the peace was short-lived.

Kagame's RPF captured Kigali and ended the 100-day genocide that killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The RPF victory stopped the massacres but also led to reprisal killings.

Kagame's Rwanda invaded Zaire (DRC) twice, supporting rebel groups and exploiting Congolese resources. The wars caused millions of deaths and destabilized the Great Lakes region.

Kagame implemented economic reforms that led to rapid growth, with Rwanda becoming one of Africa's fastest-growing economies. He focused on technology, infrastructure, and attracting foreign investment.

Kagame became President of Rwanda, succeeding Pasteur Bizimungu. He formed a government of national unity, including Hutus in key positions, to promote reconciliation after the genocide.

Kagame oversaw a constitutional referendum that removed term limits, allowing him to run for a third term in 2017. Critics accused him of entrenching authoritarian rule.

Trujillo, as commander of the National Army, staged a coup against President Horacio V

Trujillo ordered the massacre of Haitians living in the Dominican border region. Soldiers killed an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 people using machetes. The event was named for the shibboleth used to distinguish Haitians from Dominicans.

Trujillo used state power to acquire control over the sugar industry, the country's main economic sector. He and his family became the largest landowners and sugar producers, enriching themselves while the state managed the industry.

Trujillo was ambushed and killed by a group of Dominican dissidents on a highway near Ciudad Trujillo. The assassination was aided by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, which provided weapons. His death ended the dictatorship.