Probus vs Vespasian

Probus led a campaign to reclaim Gaul from the Gallic Empire, which had seceded under Postumus. He defeated the Gallic usurpers Tetricus I and Tetricus II at the Battle of Ch

Probus campaigned against the Franks and Alemanni along the Rhine frontier. He defeated them in several battles and forced them to sue for peace. He then strengthened the frontier defenses and resettled captured tribes within the empire.

Probus undertook a major program to restore the Rhine frontier defenses. He rebuilt forts, repaired roads, and constructed a new defensive line. He also encouraged viticulture in Gaul by allowing the planting of vineyards, boosting the local economy.

Probus was assassinated by his own soldiers at Sirmium after a mutiny. The troops were angered by his strict discipline and his use of them for public works projects. His death paved the way for Carus to become emperor.

Vespasian was proclaimed emperor by his troops in Egypt and later recognized by the Senate after the death of Vitellius. He founded the Flavian dynasty, ending the Year of the Four Emperors.

Vespasian's son Titus captured Jerusalem after a siege, destroying the Second Temple. The victory ended the First Jewish-Roman War and established the Flavian reputation.

Vespasian restored the empire's finances by increasing taxes, including a tax on urine collected from public latrines for use in fulling cloth. He also revalued the currency and reduced spending.

Vespasian began construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum) on the site of Nero's Domus Aurea. The project used spoils from the Jewish War and provided public entertainment.

Vespasian died of natural causes at age 69, the first Roman emperor to die in office since Vespasian. He was deified by the Senate, and his sons Titus and Domitian succeeded him.