Tharman Shanmugaratnam vs W. T. Cosgrave

Tharman served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2011 to 2019 and as Minister for Finance from 2007 to 2015. He oversaw Singapore's economic policies, including the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and social spending initiatives.

Tharman was appointed Chairman of the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) of the IMF in 2011, serving until 2014. He played a key role in global economic governance and reform of the international financial system.

Tharman Shanmugaratnam was elected as the 9th President of Singapore on September 1, 2023, winning over 70% of the vote. He ran as an independent candidate, focusing on national unity and social issues.

Cosgrave's government faced the anti-Treaty IRA in the Irish Civil War from June 1922 to May 1923. He authorized executions of anti-Treaty prisoners, including Rory O'Connor, to suppress the rebellion. The war ended with the defeat of the anti-Treaty forces, but left deep divisions.

Cosgrave became the first President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State in December 1922, following the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. He led the pro-Treaty faction during the Irish Civil War, overseeing the establishment of the new state's institutions.

Cosgrave's government established the Garda S

Cosgrave's Cumann na nGaedheal party was defeated in the 1932 Irish general election by Fianna F