Abd al-Aziz Khan vs Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah

Abd al-Aziz Khan became the Jani-Begid ruler of the Khanate of Bukhara after deposing his father Nadir Muhammad. His reign was marked by efforts to restore the khanate's power and prestige.

Abd al-Aziz Khan became a notable patron of Islamic arts and architecture. He commissioned the construction of madrasas and mosques in Bukhara, including the Abd al-Aziz Khan Madrasa, which became a center of learning.

Abd al-Aziz Khan engaged in military conflicts with the Safavid Empire over control of Khorasan. These campaigns were largely defensive and prevented Safavid expansion into Transoxiana.

Abd al-Aziz Khan died in 1681, marking the end of the last strong Ashtarkhanid rule in Bukhara. His successors were weaker, leading to the gradual decline of the khanate.

Iraqi forces invaded and occupied Kuwait under Saddam Hussein. Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah fled to Saudi Arabia and established a government-in-exile. The invasion led to the Gulf War and a seven-month occupation of Kuwait.

A US-led coalition launched Operation Desert Storm, liberating Kuwait from Iraqi occupation. Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah returned to Kuwait as emir. The liberation restored Kuwaiti sovereignty but left the country with extensive damage and environmental destruction.

Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah oversaw the massive reconstruction of Kuwait's infrastructure, oil fields, and economy after the Gulf War. The rebuilding cost billions of dollars and restored Kuwait's status as a major oil exporter. He also restored the National Assembly.