Ali Bongo Ondimba vs Luigi Einaudi

Following the death of his father Omar Bongo, Ali Bongo Ondimba won the presidential election in Gabon. His victory was contested by the opposition, leading to protests and accusations of electoral fraud.

Ali Bongo Ondimba suffered a stroke while attending a summit in Saudi Arabia. He spent months abroad recovering, which fueled speculation about his health and ability to govern, leading to a power vacuum and attempted coup in 2019.

On August 30, 2023, military officers led by General Brice Oligui Nguema announced the overthrow of President Ali Bongo Ondimba. The coup occurred shortly after Bongo was declared winner of a disputed election, ending his 14-year rule.

Einaudi was appointed Governor of the Bank of Italy after World War II. He implemented strict monetary policies to curb hyperinflation, including credit restrictions and high interest rates, stabilizing the Italian lira and laying the foundation for post-war economic recovery.

Einaudi was appointed Minister of the Budget in the fourth De Gasperi government. He designed and implemented the 'Einaudi Plan', a series of austerity measures including tax increases and spending cuts, which successfully curbed inflation and stabilized the Italian economy.

Einaudi was elected as the second President of the Italian Republic by Parliament on May 11, 1948. His presidency, lasting until 1955, was marked by his role as a stabilizing figure during the early Cold War period, upholding constitutional norms and promoting economic liberalism.

Einaudi published 'Lezioni di politica sociale', a collection of lectures on social policy. The work articulated his vision of a liberal economic order combined with social welfare, influencing Italian economic thought and policy debates on the role of the state in the economy.