Deva Raya I vs Parantaka I

Deva Raya I ordered the construction of a large dam across the Tungabhadra River near Vijayanagara. The dam created a reservoir and fed irrigation canals, significantly increasing agricultural productivity in the surrounding region and supporting the empire's population.

Deva Raya I implemented a new land revenue assessment system, standardizing tax collection based on land quality and crop yields. This reform increased state income and reduced corruption among local officials.

Deva Raya I launched a military campaign against the Bahmani Sultanate, seeking to expand Vijayanagara territory. The campaign resulted in initial successes but ultimately ended in a negotiated peace, with no major territorial changes.

Parantaka I invaded the Pandya kingdom and captured its capital Madurai, taking the title 'Maduraikonda' (conqueror of Madurai). He also seized the Pandya crown and other regalia, establishing Chola supremacy over the southern Tamil region.

Parantaka I is credited with building the golden roof (vimanam) over the sanctum of the Nataraja Temple at Chidambaram. This act of patronage to the Shaiva tradition enhanced the temple's prestige and became a symbol of Chola devotion.

Parantaka I launched a naval invasion of Sri Lanka, capturing the northern part of the island. This campaign extended Chola influence across the Palk Strait and demonstrated the Chola navy's capability, though the conquest was not permanent.

Parantaka I suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Takkolam against the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III and his Ganga allies. The Chola army was routed, and the Rashtrakutas occupied the northern Chola territories, including the capital Thanjavur temporarily.