Emperor Xianzong of Tang vs Qutuz

Emperor Xianzong initiated the Yuanhe Restoration, a series of reforms aimed at centralizing power and curbing the autonomy of military governors (jiedushi). He reasserted imperial authority over several rebellious provinces, strengthening the Tang state.

Emperor Xianzong launched a military campaign against the Chengde Circuit, a rebellious province in Hebei. After initial setbacks, the Tang forces secured a victory, forcing the Chengde governor to submit to imperial authority.

Emperor Xianzong's forces conquered the Zhaoyi Circuit, a rebellious province in modern Shanxi. This victory further reduced the power of the military governors and strengthened imperial control.

Emperor Xianzong launched a campaign against the Pinglu Circuit in Shandong. The Tang forces defeated the rebel governor, bringing the province back under imperial control and completing the Yuanhe Restoration's military successes.

Emperor Xianzong died suddenly, possibly poisoned by eunuchs. His death ended the Yuanhe Restoration, and subsequent emperors were unable to maintain the centralization he achieved, leading to the Tang dynasty's further decline.

After Aybak's murder, Qutuz became regent for Aybak's young son Al-Mansur Ali. He effectively ruled Egypt as the power behind the throne. This period saw the consolidation of Mamluk power and preparation for the Mongol threat.

Qutuz deposed Al-Mansur Ali and proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt. He justified this by the need for strong leadership against the impending Mongol invasion. His accession was accepted by the Mamluk commanders, uniting Egypt under his rule.

Qutuz led the Mamluk army to victory against the Mongols at Ain Jalut in Palestine. This was the first major defeat of the Mongol Empire. The battle halted Mongol expansion into the Middle East and secured Mamluk control over Syria.

Shortly after the victory at Ain Jalut, Qutuz was assassinated by Baybars and other Mamluk commanders during a hunting expedition. Baybars then seized the sultanate. Qutuz's death ended his brief but decisive reign and elevated Baybars to power.