Idris I of Morocco vs Stephen of Blois

Idris ibn Abdallah, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, fled the Abbasid persecution after the Battle of Fakhkh. He escaped to the Maghreb, where he sought refuge among the Berber tribes of the Volubilis region.

Idris I established the Idrisid dynasty in the Maghreb, recognized as the first Moroccan state. He was proclaimed imam by the Berber tribes of the Awraba confederation, founding a Shi'a-influenced polity that would rule for over a century.

Idris I founded the city of Fez on the banks of the Fez River. The city became the capital of the Idrisid state and a major center of Islamic learning and trade in North Africa, later housing the University of al-Qarawiyyin.

Idris I was poisoned by an agent of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, who feared the rise of an independent Shi'a state in the Maghreb. His death left his infant son Idris II as heir, with the regency managed by a Berber council.

Stephen was crowned king of England on December 22, 1135, after the death of Henry I. He seized the throne despite Henry's designation of his daughter Matilda as heir.

Stephen was captured by forces loyal to Matilda at the Battle of Lincoln on February 2, 1141. He was imprisoned, and Matilda briefly ruled as Lady of the English.

Stephen was released in exchange for Matilda's half-brother Robert of Gloucester, who had been captured. Stephen was restored as king, and the civil war continued.

Stephen and Matilda's son Henry Plantagenet signed the Treaty of Wallingford. Stephen recognized Henry as his heir, ending the Anarchy civil war.

Stephen died on October 25, 1154, at Dover. His death allowed Henry Plantagenet to become king as Henry II, founding the Plantagenet dynasty.