King Wonjong of Goryeo vs Rudolf I of Germany

King Wonjong sent his son (future King Chungnyeol) as a hostage to the Mongol court and agreed to Goryeo becoming a vassal state of the Mongol Empire. This ended decades of military resistance and established a tributary relationship that lasted for nearly a century.

After the death of King Gojong, Wonjong returned from the Mongol court where he had been held as a hostage. He was installed as king with Mongol approval, marking the beginning of direct Mongol influence over Goryeo's throne.

King Wonjong ordered the dissolution of the Sambyeolcho, a elite military unit that resisted Mongol domination. The Sambyeolcho rebelled and held out on Jeju Island until 1273, when Mongol-Goryeo forces crushed them, ending organized military opposition to Mongol rule.

Rudolf I was elected King of Germany by the prince-electors, ending the Great Interregnum. He was the first Habsburg to hold the German throne. His election restored stability to the Holy Roman Empire after a period of civil war and weak central authority.

Rudolf I formally renounced all imperial claims to the Papal States and recognized the temporal authority of the Pope. He also agreed to lead a crusade (which never materialized). This improved relations with the papacy and secured papal support for his rule.

Rudolf I defeated King Ottokar II of Bohemia at the Battle on the Marchfeld in Austria. Ottokar was killed in the battle. Rudolf then secured the duchies of Austria, Styria, and Carniola for the Habsburg dynasty, laying the foundation for their future power.

Rudolf I formally enfeoffed his sons Albert and Rudolf with the duchies of Austria and Styria at the Diet of Augsburg. This established the Habsburgs as a major territorial power in Central Europe. The grant was later confirmed by the imperial princes.