Richard III of England vs Toghrul Beg

Richard, then Duke of Gloucester, commanded the vanguard of Edward IV's army at Tewkesbury, defeating the Lancastrian forces. This victory led to the death of Edward of Westminster, Henry VI's son, and the end of the Lancastrian line.

Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, led a rebellion against Richard III, aiming to place Henry Tudor on the throne. The rebellion failed, and Buckingham was executed, but it demonstrated significant opposition to Richard's rule.

Richard III was crowned king of England after Parliament declared Edward V illegitimate. His accession followed the imprisonment of the Princes in the Tower and was controversial, leading to accusations of usurpation and murder.

Richard III was killed in battle against Henry Tudor's forces at Bosworth Field. His death ended the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses, allowing Henry Tudor to become King Henry VII.

Toghrul Beg led the Seljuk Turks to victory over the Ghaznavid Empire at Dandanaqan in Khorasan. This defeat forced the Ghaznavids to retreat eastward, granting the Seljuks control of Khorasan and establishing their power base in Persia.

Toghrul Beg launched a major raid into Byzantine Anatolia, reaching as far as the city of Manzikert. Although he did not capture the city, the campaign demonstrated Seljuk military strength and foreshadowed future conflicts that would lead to the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.

Toghrul Beg entered Baghdad at the invitation of the Abbasid Caliph al-Qa'im, who sought protection from the Buyid dynasty. Toghrul deposed the Buyid ruler, married the caliph's daughter, and was granted the title 'Sultan', becoming the de facto ruler of the Islamic world.

Toghrul's half-brother Ibrahim Inal rebelled against his authority, allying with the Fatimid Caliphate. Toghrul defeated and executed Ibrahim Inal, consolidating his power and eliminating a major internal threat to Seljuk unity.