S. Rajaratnam vs Zhang Tingyu

S. Rajaratnam was appointed Singapore's first Minister for Foreign Affairs after independence. He established diplomatic relations with over 50 countries and articulated Singapore's policy of non-alignment and regional cooperation.

S. Rajaratnam authored the Singapore National Pledge, which emphasizes unity, democracy, and equality. The pledge is recited daily in schools and at national events, becoming a foundational text of Singaporean identity.

S. Rajaratnam was a founding signatory of the ASEAN Declaration in Bangkok. He played a key role in shaping the organization's principles of non-interference and regional stability, which became central to Southeast Asian diplomacy.

S. Rajaratnam served as Minister for Labour, implementing policies to improve industrial relations and worker welfare. He helped establish the National Wages Council and promoted tripartite cooperation between unions, employers, and government.

S. Rajaratnam published a collection of his speeches and writings. The book articulated his vision of a multiracial, meritocratic Singapore and his critique of Western liberal democracy in the Asian context.

Zhang Tingyu was appointed Grand Secretary of the Qing Empire, serving under the Yongzheng Emperor. He became a central figure in the administration, overseeing state affairs and drafting imperial edicts.

Upon the death of the Yongzheng Emperor, Zhang Tingyu was appointed as one of the regents for the young Qianlong Emperor. He helped manage the transition of power and continued to advise the new emperor during the early years of his reign.

Zhang Tingyu oversaw the compilation of the official 'History of Ming' (Mingshi), a comprehensive dynastic history of the Ming Dynasty. The work was completed in 1739 and became the standard historical reference for the Ming period.

Zhang Tingyu retired from his official positions after serving three emperors (Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong). His retirement marked the end of a long and influential career in the Qing bureaucracy.