Alfonso XII of Spain vs Selim I Giray

Alfonso XII was proclaimed king after a military coup led by General Mart

Alfonso XII's forces defeated the Carlist rebels, ending the Third Carlist War. This victory consolidated his rule and eliminated the Carlist challenge to the Bourbon monarchy, bringing peace to Spain after years of civil conflict.

Alfonso XII oversaw the adoption of a new constitution that established a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament. The constitution provided a framework for political stability and alternation between two main parties, the Conservatives and Liberals.

Alfonso XII married Maria Christina of Austria, his second wife. This marriage produced the future Alfonso XIII and helped secure the Bourbon succession, ensuring the dynasty's continuity after the king's early death.

Alfonso XII died of tuberculosis at the age of 27, leaving his pregnant wife as regent. His death created a succession crisis, but his posthumous son Alfonso XIII was born later that year, ensuring the continuation of the Bourbon monarchy.

Selim I Giray was appointed Khan of the Crimean Khanate by the Ottoman Sultan for the first time. His reign was marked by diplomatic maneuvering between the Ottoman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, and Russia. He was deposed after a few years due to political intrigues.

Selim I Giray returned to power and negotiated the Treaty of Bakhchysarai with the Tsardom of Russia. The treaty ended the Russo-Turkish War (1676-1681) and established the Dnieper River as the border between the two powers. It also recognized Russian control of Left-Bank Ukraine.

Selim I Giray was reinstated as khan during the Great Turkish War. He led Crimean forces in support of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy League. His campaigns included raids into Poland and Austria, but he was unable to prevent Ottoman losses.

Selim I Giray became khan for the fourth and final time. He focused on restoring the khanate's economy and maintaining peace with neighboring states. He negotiated a truce with Poland-Lithuania and sought to stabilize relations with Russia, though tensions remained.