Daniel of Galicia vs Idris I of Morocco

Daniel of Galicia ruled the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia when the Mongols invaded. He initially resisted but was forced to submit to Mongol suzerainty after the destruction of Kyiv in 1240. Daniel's submission preserved his realm from total destruction, but he became a vassal of the Golden Horde, paying tribute and providing troops.

Daniel accepted a royal crown from Pope Innocent IV in exchange for promising to promote church union with Rome and organize a crusade against the Mongols. He was crowned King of Galicia-Volhynia in Dorohychyn. This coronation elevated his status and sought Western support against the Mongols, but the promised crusade never materialized.

Daniel launched a military campaign against the Mongol forces in Podolia and Volhynia, achieving some initial successes. He recaptured several towns from Mongol control. However, the campaign ultimately failed due to lack of Western support and Mongol reinforcements. Daniel was forced to reaffirm his vassalage to the Golden Horde.

Daniel founded the city of Lviv (Lw

Idris ibn Abdallah, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, fled the Abbasid persecution after the Battle of Fakhkh. He escaped to the Maghreb, where he sought refuge among the Berber tribes of the Volubilis region.

Idris I established the Idrisid dynasty in the Maghreb, recognized as the first Moroccan state. He was proclaimed imam by the Berber tribes of the Awraba confederation, founding a Shi'a-influenced polity that would rule for over a century.

Idris I founded the city of Fez on the banks of the Fez River. The city became the capital of the Idrisid state and a major center of Islamic learning and trade in North Africa, later housing the University of al-Qarawiyyin.

Idris I was poisoned by an agent of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, who feared the rise of an independent Shi'a state in the Maghreb. His death left his infant son Idris II as heir, with the regency managed by a Berber council.