Edward V of England vs Gojong of Goryeo

Edward V became king of England at age 12 after the death of his father, Edward IV. His reign was brief and dominated by his uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who acted as Lord Protector.

Edward V was declared illegitimate by Parliament under the Titulus Regius, and his uncle Richard was crowned as Richard III. Edward and his brother Richard were placed in the Tower of London, where they disappeared.

Edward V and his brother Richard, Duke of York, vanished from the Tower of London after being declared illegitimate. Their fate remains unknown, but they are widely believed to have been murdered, likely on orders of Richard III.

Mongol forces under General Sartaq invaded Goryeo, capturing Kaesong and forcing King Gojong to flee to Ganghwa Island. The invasion devastated the countryside and led to a tributary agreement that was soon broken.

King Gojong moved the royal court and government to Ganghwa Island to resist Mongol demands for submission. The island's natural defenses allowed Goryeo to continue resistance for nearly 30 years.

Under Gojong's patronage, the Buddhist canon was carved onto over 80,000 woodblocks to invoke divine protection against the Mongols. The Tripitaka Koreana remains one of the most complete and accurate versions of the Buddhist scriptures.

After decades of war, King Gojong agreed to submit to the Mongol Empire, sending his son (future King Wonjong) as a hostage. The peace treaty ended the invasions but made Goryeo a vassal state of the Mongols.