Philip of Saint-Pol vs Shajar al-Durr

Philip of Saint-Pol inherited the Duchy of Brabant upon the death of his brother John IV. His rule marked the last independent reign of a Burgundian duke in Brabant before it was fully integrated into the Burgundian state.

Philip of Saint-Pol signed the Treaty of Delft with Jacqueline of Hainaut, ending the war over the succession in Hainaut and Holland. The treaty recognized Philip's authority over these territories, expanding Burgundian control.

Philip of Saint-Pol died without legitimate children, leading to the Duchy of Brabant passing to his cousin Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. This ended the independent line of Burgundian dukes in Brabant and fully integrated the duchy into the Burgundian state.

After the death of her husband As-Salih Ayyub, Shajar al-Durr became the de facto ruler of Egypt. She was proclaimed Sultana with the support of the Mamluk commanders. Her reign marked the first and only time a woman ruled Egypt in the medieval Islamic period.

To legitimize her rule and appease the Ayyubid caliph, Shajar al-Durr married the Mamluk commander Aybak. She abdicated the throne in his favor but retained significant influence. This marriage established the Mamluk Sultanate under Aybak's nominal rule.

Shajar al-Durr ordered the assassination of her husband Sultan Aybak in his bathhouse after he planned to marry another woman. She feared losing her power and influence. This act led to a power struggle among the Mamluks and her own downfall.

After Aybak's murder, Shajar al-Durr was arrested by the Mamluks loyal to Aybak. She was beaten to death by Aybak's concubines or slaves, and her body was thrown into a ditch. Her death ended the brief period of female rule in the Mamluk Sultanate.