Eumenes II vs Tiberius

Eumenes II fought alongside the Roman army under Scipio Asiaticus against Antiochus III at the Battle of Magnesia. His cavalry charge on the Seleucid left flank contributed to the decisive Roman victory that ended the Roman-Seleucid War.

Eumenes II negotiated the Treaty of Apamea with the Roman Republic after the Roman victory over Antiochus III. The treaty granted Pergamon control over most of the former Seleucid territories in Asia Minor, making Pergamon the dominant power in the region.

Eumenes II fought a war against Prusias I of Bithynia, who was allied with the Galatians. The conflict ended with a Roman-mediated peace that confirmed Pergamon's territorial gains but strained relations with Rome.

Eumenes II commissioned the construction of the Great Altar of Zeus in Pergamon. The altar, adorned with a monumental frieze depicting the Gigantomachy, became a masterpiece of Hellenistic art and a symbol of Pergamene power and cultural achievement.

Upon Augustus's death, Tiberius became the second Roman emperor. He was adopted by Augustus and had been given tribunician power and imperium, ensuring a smooth transition of power.

Tiberius's adopted son and heir Germanicus died under suspicious circumstances in Syria. Tiberius was suspected of involvement, leading to public grief and political tension.

Tiberius withdrew from Rome to the island of Capri, leaving administration to the Praetorian Prefect Sejanus. This retreat led to a power vacuum and Sejanus's eventual execution for conspiracy.

Tiberius ordered the arrest and execution of Sejanus, his powerful Praetorian Prefect, for plotting against him. Sejanus's family and supporters were also purged, restoring Tiberius's control.

After Sejanus's fall, Tiberius conducted a series of treason trials and executions, targeting senators and equestrians. Many were condemned on flimsy charges, creating an atmosphere of fear.